Including the sublimation of graphite material caused by high arc temperature and the loss of chemical reaction between the electric extreme part and molten steel and slag. It also depends on whether the electrode is inserted into the carbonized steel. The sublimation rate at high temperature depends mainly on the current density through the electrode, and secondly on the diameter of the electrode side after oxidation.

2. Side oxidation

Electrode side oxidation is related to unit oxidation rate and exposed area. Under normal circumstances, the oxidation amount of electrode side should account for about 50% of the total electrode consumption. In recent years, in order to improve the smelting speed of electric furnace, the frequency of oxygen blowing operation is increased, which leads to the increase of electrode oxidation loss.

3. Stump loss

When the electrode is continuously used to the connection of the upper and lower electrodes, a small section of electrode or joint (i.e. residual body) is separated due to the thinning of the body or the penetration of the crack.

4. The electrode is broken

Including electrode trunk break and joint break. Electrode fracture is related to the quality of graphite electrode and joint, machining fit, and also related to steelmaking operation.

5. Surface spalling and falling blocks

In the process of smelting, the rapid cooling and rapid heating, and the poor thermal vibration resistance of the electrode.